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Cold-fitting straight-through type and pre-embedded type

Cold-fitting (press-fit) straight-through and pre-embedded types are two connector technologies that differ in installation method, internal structure, and application, with press-fit focusing on PCB mechanical and electrical reliability, and pre-embedded connectors emphasizing fiber alignment and quick optical termination.

Cold-

Fitting (Press-Fit) Straight-Through TypeDefinition and Mechanism: Cold-fitting, or press-fit technology, involves inserting a pin directly into a plated-through hole on a PCB without soldering. The pin forms a gas-tight, cold-welded connection with the copper plating due to high friction, ensuring low contact resistance and strong mechanical stability. Types: Solid pins: Rigid pins that provide high extraction force and mechanical strength.

Compliant pins: Pins with an elastic zone to reduce stress during insertion, improving reliability under vibration. Advantages: Eliminates soldering, reducing thermal stress on PCBs. High current capacity with low self-heating.

Long-term reliability with low failure-in-time (FIT) values. Supports automated assembly and two-sided PCB mounting. Cost-effective for high-volume production.

Applications: Common in automotive, power modules, and high-current PCB assemblies where vibration resistance and mechanical robustness are critical.

Pre-

Embedded Type

Definition and Mechanism: Pre-embedded connectors, often used in fiber optics, have a section of the optical fiber embedded inside the connector from the ferrule to the V-groove. During installation, the fiber core is inserted into the V-groove, and supporting liquid or adhesive ensures precise alignment and secure docking. Types: Embedded type: Fiber is pre-positioned inside the connector for quick termination.

Straight-through type: The stripped fiber passes directly through the connector body to the ferrule without internal connection points. Advantages: Simplifies installation and reduces alignment errors. Provides consistent optical performance with minimal insertion loss.

Suitable for S

C, FC, and LC connector formats. Faster deployment compared to traditional fusion splicing. Applications: Used in industrial refrigeration, data centers, and telecommunications where rapid and reliable fiber connections are required.

Key DifferencesFeatureCold-Fitting (Press-Fit)Pre-EmbeddedMediumElectrical pins on PCBOptical fibersConnection MethodCold-welded, friction-fitFiber embedded in ferrule/V-grooveInstallationPressed into PCB holesFiber inserted into pre-aligned grooveMechanical StrengthHigh, withstands vibration and loadModerate, focused on alignment precisionElectrical/Optical PerformanceLow contact resistance, high currentLow insertion loss, precise optical alignmentApplicationsAutomotive, power electronicsFiber optic networks, industrial refrigerationSummary: Cold-fitting straight-through pins are ideal for mechanically robust, high-current PCB connections, while pre-embedded connectors are optimized for quick, precise optical fiber terminations.

Choosing between them depends on whether the priority is electrical/mechanical reliability or optical alignment and installation speed.

Cold-fitting straight-through type and pre-embedded type

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Technical note

This reference is intended for preliminary fiber and communications infrastructure research. Optical interface, fiber type, port or core capacity, electrical input and output, enclosure protection, cooling, installation limits and applicable standards must be verified for the specific project.

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